文化开放和中国现当代艺术
——五环下的聚合· 中国当代艺术展序
·邓平祥·
从上个世纪七十年代末开始中国从闭关锁国的封闭状态进入改革开放的历史新时期。对外开放从根本上说,就是文化的开放。由于文化的开放导致了人们意识观念、思想、精神等一系列深刻的变化。这些变化在变革社会和经济的同时也催生了中国的现当代艺术。
以“85新潮”为发端,中国的现当代艺术在文化思潮的大背景发展迅猛,可以说是用短短不到二十多年的时间走完了西方现当代艺术一百年的历史纪年。虽然期间也曾几起几落、几经波折,但是中国的现当代艺术却坚定地走过来了。从圆明园到宋庄,从宋庄到798,中国现当代艺术的生存环境完全改变了!今天进入新世纪的宋庄成为了政府大力支持和赞助的文化创意项目,798成为了北京政府支持的正在飞速发展的艺术新区。如果我们再将视野扩展到上海、广州等地,甚至很多内地省市都可以看到同样使人兴奋的文化景观。
从知识和艺术史的角度说,发端于西方的现代主义艺术运动(亦称“先锋”、“前卫”艺术),作为一个社会文化思潮包括了社会政治观点,哲学观点、美学观点,以及艺术主张,艺术方法各不相同甚至有时对立的流派和主义,它们共同的特征是反传统、反权威,有意违反约定俗成的创作原则和欣赏习惯,在艺术形式和风格上追求新奇甚至怪异,向一贯受到尊重的文化标准挑战,以质疑既定的法则和秩序,其方法和形式使习惯了传统文化定式的欣赏者感到惊异和困惑。
从精神的角度说,现代主义艺术突出地表现了现实世界、人与自然、人与社会,人与物、人与自我的异化,对立甚至错乱的关系。现代主义艺术的诸多精神特征和形式特征,反映出了现代主义艺术重形式创新、重自由创造和侧重艺术主体、表现的特点。尽管现代主义艺术一时很难为一般的观众所理解和接受,但现代主义艺术(包括当代艺术)的核心价值——自由和创新,以及文化批判性,却一直是现当代艺术赖以存在,并发展壮大的内在根据。
由于西方文化的开放性和社会的危机意识,使得在兴起之初被视为异端力量的现代主义艺术最终被体制所容纳和接受,并且成为了文化更新和精神激励的象征力量和表征形式。
至于西方后来出现的“后现代”文化思潮和艺术运动,从表面上看是对已经体制化了的现代主义的反拔。但在精神实质上它是与现代主义艺术的核心价值自由、创新、批判是一脉相承的。
由于历史进程的原因,中国几乎是同时面对西方的现代主义和后现代主义的。因此从形态学上说,中国式的现代主义和后现代主义是兼容的、混合,是“当代人创作的后现代艺术”。
近几年是中国现当代艺术风起云涌而又收获丰硕的时候,无论从人们对当代艺术的关注、评价,还是政府对现当代艺术的包容态度,以及一个个现当代艺术事件、出版物及媒体的反映和追逐,乃至现当代艺术在市场上所创造的一个个神话……,这一切都证明着现当代艺术正在成为中国艺术的多元格局中占有越来越重要的地位。
本次展览所邀请的66位中国现当代艺术家和他们所创作的300幅作品,代表着中国现当代艺术的多种探索和追求,人们在展览中所看到的作品,可以说是中国现当代艺术的一个缩影、一个横断面。 Cultural openness and Chinese contemporary art
---- Preamble for Assembling under the five rings ? Chinese Contemporary Art Exhibition
Deng Pingxiang
From the late 1970s, China started to shift from the closed state into the new historical period of reform and opening up. Opening to the outside world fundamentally is a opening up of culture. Since the opening up of cultural led to a series of profound changes in people’s concept, ideas, spirit. These changes in the social and economic changes also hastened the birth of China's contemporary art.
Started from "85 trendy", China's contemporary art is developing rapidly in the cultural background and finished the West’s 100 years history of contemporary art annals in less than 20 years. Although China's contemporary art has been through several ups and downs, twists and turns, it has come over them firmly. From Yuanmingyuan to Songzhuang, to 798 from the Songzhuang, the Chinese contemporary art’s environment has completely changed! Today Songzhuang becomes the government's strong support and sponsorship of cultural and creative projects. The 798 becomes the new arts district supported by the Beijing government and develops rapidly. If we expanded our vision to Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places, and even many mainland provinces, we will be able to see the same exciting cultural landscape.
Seeing from the point view of knowledge and art history, the modern Western art movement originated from the west(also known as the "vanguard", "avant-garde" art), was a social and cultural ideas, and it included different social and political views, philosophical, aesthetic views, even opposing schools and principles, and their common characteristic was the anti-traditional, anti-authority, and their common intention was to violate the principle of creation and appreciation, their art forms and styles were in the pursuit of novelty or even strange and were respected as the challenges of cultural standards and the established law and order. Their methods and forms made those who were used to traditional culture feel surprised and puzzled.
Seeing from the perspective of the spirit, modern art and highlighted the performance of the real world, people and nature, man and society, man and things and the self-alienation, confusion and even antagonistic relationship. Many forms of spiritual identity and characteristics of modern art reflected the feature that modern art valued on form of innovation, freedom to create and re-focus on the main art. Although the modern art is difficult to accept and understand by general audience, the modern art’s (including contemporary art) the core values - freedom and innovation, and cultural criticism, was always the internal base for a contemporary art's existence and development.
The modern art was regard as heresy strength at its beginning. But due to the openness of Western culture and sense of social crisis, the modern art was eventually accommodate and accept by the system and become the symbol of cultural renovation and spiritual incentive and a mean of showing the strength.
As for the "post-modern" cultural ideas and artistic movements in the West, seeing from the surface, was the anti-Stubbs to modern system. But in spirit and essence it is the same strain with modern art in the core values of freedom, innovation and criticism.
Due to historical process, China faced the Western modernism and postmodernism almost at the same time. So viewing from the morphology, the Chinese-style modernism and postmodernism is compatible, mixed, and the postmodern arts created by contemporary people.
During the recent years, the Chinese contemporary art is surging and has made much achievement. Ranging from people’s concerns, evaluation of contemporary art, or the Government’s inclusive attitude to contemporary art, the contemporary art events, publications, the media’s reflection and chase to the myth on the market created by contemporary art, which all shows the Chinese contemporary art’s increasingly important position in multi-pattern of art.
This exhibition has invited 66 contemporary Chinese artists and will show their 300works, representing the various explorations and pursuits of contemporary Chinese art. All the works people have seen at the exhibition's can be regard as a microcosm and a cross-section of the contemporary Chinese arts.
∧ ∧ |